دانلود مقاله:بررسي پديده پراكنده‌رويي و علل آن در شهر زنجانpdf-38

بررسي پديده پراكنده‌رويي و علل آن در شهر زنجان
عنوان (انگلیسی): Examining Sprawl and its Causes in Zanjan City
نشریه: نشريه هنرهاي زيبا- معماري و شهرسازي
شماره: نشريه هنرهاي زيبا- معماري و شهرسازي (دوره: ۱، شماره: ۳۸)
نویسنده: اسفنديار زبردست ، سارا حبيبي

چکیده:

پراكنده‌رويي امروزه به‌عنوان يكي از موضوعات محوري در بسياري از كشورها مطرح مي‌باشد. مي‌توان گفت كه با توجه به ساختارهاي گوناگون و ويژگي‌هاي متفاوت جغرافيايي، اقتصادي، اجتماعي، سياسي و غيره، دلايل پراكنده‌رويي از شهري به شهر ديگر متفاوت است. كشور ما نيز از اين قاعده مستثنا نبوده و اگر چه بسياري از شهرهاي آن طي قرون گذشته گسترش كندي داشته‌اند، ليكن با گذر زمان بسياري از آنها با پديده پراكنده‌رويي مواجه بوده‌اند. شهر زنجان يكي از شهرهاي كشور است كه در سال‌هاي اخير با سرعت بالايي گسترش يافته است. به‌منظور بررسي ميزان پراكنده‌رويي در شهر زنجان، با استفاده از ده متغير نشانگر پراكنده‌رويي و انجام تحليل عاملي در 32 ناحيه شهر زنجان، در نهايت چهار عامل تراكم، اختلاط كاربري، مركزيت و دسترسي به‌عنوان عوامل تبيين‌كننده پراكنده‌رويي در اين شهر معرفي شده‌اند. نقشه نهايي كه از تركيب عوامل فوق در محيط GIS حاصل شده است، نشان مي‌دهد كه نواحي مركزي شهر كمترين ميزان پراكنده‌رويي را دارند و هرچه از مركز شهر دور مي‌شويم، پراكنده‌رويي تشديد مي‌شود، به‌طوري‌كه بيشترين پراكنده‌رويي در نواحي شرقي، شمال‌شرقي و ‌غربي اين شهر ديده مي‌شود. علاوه بر اين، مقايسه پراكنده‌رويي با روند گسترش كالبدي شهر در سال‌هاي مختلف نيز نشان مي‌دهد كه نواحي كه در دوران ابتدايي شكل گرفته‌اند، پايين‌ترين ميزان پراكنده‌رويي را دارند و هرچه به نواحي ساخته شده در سال‌هاي اخير نزديك مي‌شويم، روند گسترش شهر به سمت پراكنده‌رويي بيشتري ميل مي‌كند.
چکیده (انگلیسی):

The term sprawl has entered into urban planning literature since the middle of 20th century and nowadays it’s one of the main subjects of concern in many countries. Although the research on sprawl originated in the studies of the American cities, but it has been used in many different countries with various natures, indexes and results. The trend of expansion of cities and metropolitan areas has many positive and negative results and it depends on different geographic, economic, social and political characteristics of cities and metropolitan areas. Although our cities had experienced slow expansion long ago, but the concept of sprawl has entered into our planning literature now. Zanjan is one of the cities in our country that have had a rapid expansion in recent years and vast areas of the city have been built up recently. Findings show that the initial expansion of the city has been due to its physical position and its natural population growth, but over the time, the expansion of the city has been affected by various factors such as economy, urban development plans, policies and different groups that have brought about the sprawl phenomenon to the this city. In order to examine the sprawl phenomenon in Zanjan, based on Ewings findings his study of the American Metropolitan Areas, we chose ten variables that could depict the sprawl phenomenon in Zanjan city setting. Factor analysis was applied to these selected 10 variables to find the underlying dimensions of sprawl in the Zanjan city. Four factors were extracted, namely: density, mixture of land uses, centeredness and accessibility. The results of the factor analysis were transformed into maps using GIS software. The findings indicate that areas in the central parts of the city have the least rating of sprawl and it gets aggravated by moving away from the center, so that the most sprawls is seen in eastern, northeastern and western parts of the city. In addition, comparing sprawl and expansion process of the city in different years show that the central zones that had formed in the initial period, have low level of sprawl and the zones that have been built in recent years, tend to have sprawled most. It was seen that in recent years many causes have led to the sprawl in Zanjan City. Initial growth of the city was because of the geographic location of the city and the communication network that Zanjan is part of it and the icural growth of population. This growth obeyed natural and climatic characteristics, but over the time, the growth of the city was affected by some other factors such as economic affairs, policies, plans and various groups. Findings of this research support Ewing`s viewpoints and show that by considering sprawl characteristics and surveying the extracted factors and taking into consideration the elements that affect sprawl, we can control of the city growth in the future in similar instances by using appropriated policies.

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