دانلود مقاله:گونه شناسي خانه هاي بافت قديم شهر رشتpdf-28

گونه شناسي خانه هاي بافت قديم شهر رشت
عنوان (انگلیسی): The typology of houses in old urban tissues of Rasht
نشریه: نشريه هنرهاي زيبا- معماري و شهرسازي
شماره: نشريه هنرهاي زيبا- معماري و شهرسازي (دوره: ۲، شماره: ۴۱)
نویسنده: مژگان خاکپور ، مجتبي انصاري ، علي طاهرنيان

چکیده:

سرعت تغييرات در بافت قديم شهرها، ما را در رويارويي با نحوه نگرش و چگونگي برخورد با آن قرار مي‌دهد. صرف‌نظر از برشمردن جنبه‌هاي مثبت يا منفي تحولات كالبدي كه به ديدگاه‌هاي برنامه‌ريزان و سياست‌هاي اتخاذ شده آن وابسته است، لزوم ثبت و ضبط الگوهاي معماري پيشين مسجّل مي‌باشد. چالش اساسي در اين رويارويي اين است كه آيا بناهاي بافت قديم شهر رشت قابليت دسته بندي و گونه‌شناسي را داراست؛ و نيز چند گونه اصلي را براي شناسايي بناهاي اين بافت مي توان برشمرد. در اين نوشتار، بر اساس اطلاعات و اسناد تاريخي، به مطالعه محدوده شهر در ادوار گذشته اقدام گرديد و ويژگي‌هاي بافت تاريخي آن بيان شد. شرح خصوصيات معماري و سيماي كالبدي اين شهر از نگاه سياحان و مورخين، بخش ديگري است كه در مقاله به آن پرداخته شد. در ادامه‌ي اين تحقيق توصيفي ابتدا به شرح كلي شماي معماري پرداخته و عرصه‌بندي در معماري مسكوني بافت قديم، جهت‌گيري عمومي بناهاي مسكوني، عناصر كالبدي و اجزاي آن به تفكيك نام و كاربرد آنها در مساكن قديمي مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. ماحصل بحث كه تحقيقي توصيفي و تجربي بوده، به گونه‌شناسي و تفكيك انواع عمده الگوهاي معماري مسكوني در بافت قديم انجاميد و در پايان، دسته‌بندي انواع خانه‌هاي محدوده تاريخي شهر رشت مورد توجه واقع شد.
چکیده (انگلیسی):

The old tissues of the cities have been faced to rapid changes and turned to destructive process during the last decades, because of the huge rush of technology and consequently the social revolutions and changes as a conceivable result of such technological attacks. As a general argument, in one hand, such changes and technological flourishing provided urban modern services and let the modern equipments to enter in lives, but unfortunately, on other hand, the increasing slam of the changes invited us to the battle of rapid compatibility, which inherently could not lead to wisdom decisions about the living patterns, and even the conservation of cultural characters which as a result leads to an unknown urban patterns and meanwhile urban instabilities. Although, the observation on advantages and disadvantages of constructive evolutions which substantially depend on the decisions and policies of the planners and urban designers is not the main goal of the current paper, it is highly recommended and necessary to record the ancient architecture patterns, finding out the outlines and the main characters of the older architecture characteristics. In current paper, during the investigations about the history of Rasht, and how it has been constructed, upon information and issues, a deeper concern was made on city borders and its constructive frame in older eras. On this way, the old quarters were specified and divided from each other to perform the required assumptions and fundamentals of architectural investigations to find out the characters of the houses in such old periods. The architectural and urban characteristics of Rasht from the view of overseas scientists were generally reviewed within the context. In addition, some older houses were chosen in the defined quarters, and consequently studied as the samples to perform the required data and information for further predictions. These studies contain the maps, photos. However, a set of worthwhile information was gathered from older residents and the people who had reliable knowledge about the history of the houses and even in more details, how estates faced to constructions. Naturally, on the way of completing the conclusions about the quarters and the houses of the old Rasht, further descriptive researches were provided, and at first, the general architectural characteristics were investigated and explained, in which the constructive properties of houses, space configurations of the old architectural designs, general directions and moods of house patterns, and their applications in old residences were gathered, and finally the classifications of the old houses were concerned, to provide the required foundations of scientific predictions and architectural forecasting. In these regards, all the old houses were classified in four styles (may be interpreted as moods or patterns), and all of them were described and compared with each other to cater for a better further proposed recommendations. The conclusions were efficiently applied to find the way how to improve the performances of residential houses, and finally to find out the required, robust, and sufficient reliable rules for essential future constructions in Rasht.

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